As far as game system changes go:
I agree magic needs to be carefully examined and overhauled for the Asian lands. The traditional corpus of Chinese magical lore has been that if you want to draw a wondrous effect from nature or the heavens, you have to petition them and wait. Hence all the temples and ceremony.
On the other hand, if you want to train yourself so you can create it from your own
qi (mystical energy), then that often results in an explosive and immediate (and impressive!) outcome right when you need it.
I will be researching other magic systems: I have ordered a copy of the Legend of the Five Rings book and I'll be looking at their magic system. I also have older editions of other RPGs, including Call of Cthulhu and Star Wars and I'll look into how they use their occult/Force systems.
The store near me has a copy of the Tome of Magic 3rd edition, but I flipped through it and wasn't impressed with the three new types of magic.
Meanwhile, I'm going to keep at this until I've posted everything pertaining to the politics. I know MistShadow is planning to tackle the actual game mechanics at a later date, so I won't interfere with that milestone.
Now, we've spoken about rebellions before, but we haven't included any. This following power, the Empire of the Mighty Firmament of Heaven, should serve as an ample specimen.
Weixiao Tiandiguo ("Great Firmament Heaven Empire")
Sandwiched between the Liang and the Wen kingdoms, the Weixiao Tiandiguo was forcibly carved from the surrounding forests and mountains when Xie Huanzhi (whose name means "bright wisdom") led a rebellion. The rebellion gathered momentum among the oppressed workers in southeast Liang, and they even succeeded in bringing a defecting captain to their flock. Drawn by the promise of a "Heaven on Earth", peasants and serfs joined the movement and studied the scriptures of the prophet ("Jiaofu" or "religion's father") and his god, Jiaketa. (Loosely translated to "The many-grained", or "The Provider".)
Jiaketa was a god that demanded sacrifices but guaranteed food. Legend has it that Jiaketa sired the Most Holy Blessor, Pei Yanuo. The Blessor led his people through famine and dismay to Jiaketa's throne, and they were blessed with harvests of plenty and bounty. Xie Huanzhi had a dream where the Blessor stood before him, speaking with the voice of Jiaketa, calling upon him as a younger brother to fulfill his manifest destiny.
Xie Huanzhi's conquests in the Wen kingdom encountered little armed resistance, but he encountered learned monks who wished to debate the merits of his god. Amid great pomp and fanfare, the Jiaofu and his loyal church leaders met with the monks of the monasteries. For days they debated the philosophical intricacies of Jiaketa. Although he argued well and intelligently, Xie Huanzhi felt his faith begin to slide, and sensed that his followers were watching his every move.
On the eleventh night, Xie had a vision of the Blessor, speaking to him again. He heard that the Minglun and Shuangqi monks were false, calling upon peasants and paupers to give alms and leave food at their altars for their supposed gods. He dreamed that the Blessor gave him a spade, and told him to till over the earth.
The following day, Xie ordered his captain to seal the gates and went in to the discussion hall. There, he invited the monks to the rear courtyard to show them the fruits of his god.
In the rear courtyard, the servants had laid out a banquet meal. Xie waited until the monks were seated, then rose and strode to the speaker's corner. The monks, expecting to hear him give a speech, were entirely unprepared for the hail of arrows and bolts his followers rained down upon them. When the last monk lay dying on the ground, Xie and his followers come forth with spades and knives and chopped their bodies up and buried them in the ground, planting seeds for a harvest with them. That act resulted in the formation of a new domain - the Weixiao Tiandiguo.
Based on: Taiping Tianguo, the Heavenly Kingdom of Surpassing Peace.
CL: 6 in settlements. Many former towns and villages were CL 4, but the misrule of Xie's followers drops that down to 3 or even 2.
Landscape: The Heavenly Empire carves a living from the forest and hillside. Some of the peasants have hewn terraced fields out of the hillside, hinting at the scope of things that they might yet accomplish.
Major Settlements: The Jiaofu and his retinue of advisors keeps on the move between villages, and there is no proper capital. By actual size, the largest settlements are Xinongtian, Beishandu, Qing'an, and Lügui (pop. 3,000 to 8,000 ).
The Folk: 99% human (55% Liang, 30% Wen, 15% Darta). 1% other. Most of the folk are hardy commoner humans. The majority of them hail from the Liang kingdom, as they would have lived at a lower level than those in the Wen. The relative minority who used to be Wen commoners more likely joined because they were persuaded by the teachings of the Jiaofu. Another minority of them, whom the Hua call the "Darta", hail from the mountainous region to the south. These were the outermost fringes of a high-altitude religious society ruled over by the Lama priests. The Darta speak a completely different language, and most converted to the Weixiao religion because of its promise of bountiful nourishment (physical and spiritual).
Population: In total, less than 100,000 individuals, spread around 500 villages.
Language: Liang, Wen, Darta, many other polyglot tongues. The leader, Jiaofu Xie Huanzhi, is a native speaker of a very heavily accented Liang dialect (even standard Liang speakers find it hard to understand him) and his advisors serve in some capacity simply to translate his edicts to be understandable.
Religion: Weixiao Tiandiguo - a religion that promises spiritual and material nourishment in return for absolute obedience. The religion functions somewhat as a cult of personality, with one of the central edicts being acceptance of Xie Huanzhi as the younger brother of the holy being The Blessor, Pei Yanuo.
The Law: Xie Huanzhi is a man of excellent intentions. His rule nominally treats women on an equal footing with men, and - aside from the everpresent need to cultivate food - nominally ensures privacy and personal choice for each individual. In practice, however, the rules are bent or willfully misinterpreted by Xie Huanzhi and his followers. Women are often treated as de facto concubines, and children as chattel. Currently, the entire nation is on a war footing, with the avowed intent of evangelizing the entire Hua Empire from their "unassailable" hill bases. This means that the promised freedoms of the self, as well as the abundance of food, are temporarily put on hold until the Jiaofu has enforced his enlightened will upon the populace. Currently, the conclave's main focus is on arming for war, and tilling enough soil to feed their troops.
Trade: The Heavenly Empire acquires its supplies through dealing with sympathetic villages and towns near its borders. One product that the forests yield is a mild narcotic drug which numbs the body to pain. This drug often finds its way to the diet of followers, so they will work harder. It also is traded to the serfs in the Liang and Wen kingdoms, despite the best efforts of the local dukes to stop it. The main import is metal for weapons and agricultural tools, as the Weixiao Tiandiguo is unable to smelt sufficient stockpiles of metal for their own operating needs.
Resources: In a naturally resource-poor area, the Weixiao Tiandiguo has succeeded in setting up rudimentary schools, mines, and crop fields. Scant fruits and nuts comprise the basic starvation diet, usually given to captives and those who have offended against the nation's law. Those of commoner status get wheat or rice gruel and basic vegetables. Generals in the army, and the Jiaofu, eat much richer diets.
Coinage: The Weixiao Tiandiguo does not use money, with church leaders instead allocating their resources according to the piety and devotion of their followers.
Characters: At this early stage, the Weixiao Tiandiguo enjoys mostly full-hearted support from its followers. PCs originating from this region would most likely have received a scholastic regimen of body exercises intended to train them in to soldiers and farmers, and a spiritual diet of praise to the Jiaofu's name and to Jiaketa.
Politics: Xie Huanzhi is the nation's paramount leader, with Zhou Quanchui as its general (formerly he was a relatively lowly captain in a county guard in Liang). Despite the talk of meritocratic advancement, the five appointees to Zhujiao status (bishop) are arbitrary picks, with Xie seeking to contain the popularity and power of his general. With other domains, the Weixiao Tiandiguo has no effective diplomacy. The Jiaofu views them all as inevitable convertees to the faith.
Encounters: Wolves, lynxes, bobcats, and bears stalk through the forests. Snakes and large spiders also make themselves comfortable in warm indoor areas.
Darklord: Xie Huanzhi is wracked with uncertainty. He has given everything he had in life to be a deliverer of good news to the people, yet his visions have grown fainter and less certain. In his moments of doubt, he questions the chain of events that brought him this far, and wonders whether there truly is a Jiaketa and Pei Yanuo. When these doubts occur, one look at his followers, who hang in his every word, is enough to remind the Jiaofu that there is no alternative but to forge on. He is currently planning an assault on a major Liang stronghold, and hopes to seize it as his own capital, complete with court.
Unknown to Xie Huanzhi, Pei Yanuo does indeed exist, and is himself a darklord on an island domain in the mists, where the people have followed his faith and are still waiting for Jiaketa The Provider to appear.
Whether Jiaketa exists, however, is another question entirely. Xie Huanzhi is able to cast divine spells and use magic, but the feeling leaves him empty and uneasy all the same.
In case it wasn't painfully obvious already, this false religion is based on the worship of Zhakata, the Devourer God, who is the same religious entity worshipped by the populace of G'Henna. The reference to "Pei Yanuo" is a Chinese transliteration of Yagno Petrovna's name. This further cements the similarities to the historical Boxer Rebellion, where a Chinese man converted to a western religion (Christianity) and then believed himself to be the younger brother of that religion's prophet (i.e. Jesus' younger brother).